নোবেল পুরস্কারের ইতিকথা


নোবেল পুরস্কারের প্রবর্তক সুইডেনেরের রসারনবিদ ও প্রকৌশলী আলফ্রেড নোবেল (১৮৩৩-১৮৯৬) । তাঁর ডিনামাইট আবিস্কারের ৯ মিলিয়ন ডলার নোবেল পুরস্কারের জন্য যান। শুরুতে পদার্থ, রসায়ন, শান্তি, সাহিত্য, চিকিৎসা বিশেষ অবদানের জন্য পুরস্কার প্রদান করা হত। ১৯০১ সালের ১০ ডিসেম্বর আলফ্রেড নোবেলের ৫মৃত্যুবার্ষিকীতে প্রথম নোবেল পুরস্কার প্রদান করা হয়। ১৯৬৯ সালে অর্থনীতিতে প্রথম নোবেল পুরস্কার প্রদান করা হয়। বর্তমানে পদার্থ, রসায়ন, শান্তি, সাহিত্য, চিকিৎসা ও অর্থনীতিতে নোবেল পুরস্কার প্রদান করা হয়।

এখন পর্যন্ত সকল নোবেল পুরস্কার বিজয়ীর নাম নিচে দেওয়া হল:

2010

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Andre Geim, Konstantin Novoselov
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi, Akira Suzuki
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Robert G. Edwards
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Mario Vargas Llosa
The Nobel Peace Prize
Liu Xiaobo
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. Mortensen, Christopher A. Pissarides

2009

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Charles Kuen Kao, Willard S. Boyle, George E. Smith
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz, Ada E. Yonath
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, Jack W. Szostak
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Herta Müller
The Nobel Peace Prize
Barack H. Obama
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Elinor Ostrom, Oliver E. Williamson

2008

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Yoichiro Nambu, Makoto Kobayashi, Toshihide Maskawa
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Y. Tsien
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnier
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio
The Nobel Peace Prize
Martti Ahtisaari
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Paul Krugman

2007

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Albert Fert, Peter Grünberg
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Gerhard Ertl
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans, Oliver Smithies
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Doris Lessing
The Nobel Peace Prize
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) , Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr.
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Leonid Hurwicz, Eric S. Maskin, Roger B. Myerson

2006

The Nobel Prize in Physics
John C. Mather, George F. Smoot
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Roger D. Kornberg
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Andrew Z. Fire, Craig C. Mello
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Orhan Pamuk
The Nobel Peace Prize
Muhammad Yunus, Grameen Bank
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Edmund S. Phelps

2005

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, Theodor W. Hänsch
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Barry J. Marshall, J. Robin Warren
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Harold Pinter
The Nobel Peace Prize
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) , Mohamed ElBaradei
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert J. Aumann, Thomas C. Schelling

2004

The Nobel Prize in Physics
David J. Gross, H. David Politzer, Frank Wilczek
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Richard Axel, Linda B. Buck
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Elfriede Jelinek
The Nobel Peace Prize
Wangari Muta Maathai
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Finn E. Kydland, Edward C. Prescott

2003

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Anthony J. Leggett
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Peter Agre, Roderick MacKinnon
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Paul C. Lauterbur, Sir Peter Mansfield
The Nobel Prize in Literature
John M. Coetzee
The Nobel Peace Prize
Shirin Ebadi
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert F. Engle III, Clive W.J. Granger

2002

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Raymond Davis Jr., Masatoshi Koshiba, Riccardo Giacconi
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
John B. Fenn, Koichi Tanaka, Kurt Wüthrich
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, John E. Sulston
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Imre Kertész
The Nobel Peace Prize
Jimmy Carter
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Daniel Kahneman, Vernon L. Smith

2001

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
William S. Knowles, Ryoji Noyori, K. Barry Sharpless
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Leland H. Hartwell, Tim Hunt, Sir Paul M. Nurse
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul
The Nobel Peace Prize
United Nations (U.N.) , Kofi Annan
The Prize in Economic Sciences
George A. Akerlof, A. Michael Spence, Joseph E. Stiglitz

2000

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard, Eric R. Kandel
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Gao Xingjian
The Nobel Peace Prize
Kim Dae-jung
The Prize in Economic Sciences
James J. Heckman, Daniel L. McFadden

1999

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Gerardus 't Hooft, Martinus J.G. Veltman
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Ahmed H. Zewail
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Günter Blobel
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Günter Grass
The Nobel Peace Prize
Médecins Sans Frontières
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert A. Mundell

1998

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Walter Kohn, John A. Pople
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro, Ferid Murad
The Nobel Prize in Literature
José Saramago
The Nobel Peace Prize
John Hume, David Trimble
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Amartya Sen

1997

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, William D. Phillips
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Paul D. Boyer, John E. Walker, Jens C. Skou
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Stanley B. Prusiner
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Dario Fo
The Nobel Peace Prize
International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) , Jody Williams
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert C. Merton, Myron S. Scholes

1996

The Nobel Prize in Physics
David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold W. Kroto, Richard E. Smalley
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Peter C. Doherty, Rolf M. Zinkernagel
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Wislawa Szymborska
The Nobel Peace Prize
Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo, José Ramos-Horta
The Prize in Economic Sciences
James A. Mirrlees, William Vickrey

1995

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Martin L. Perl, Frederick Reines
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina, F. Sherwood Rowland
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Eric F. Wieschaus
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Seamus Heaney
The Nobel Peace Prize
Joseph Rotblat, Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert E. Lucas Jr.

1994

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
George A. Olah
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Alfred G. Gilman, Martin Rodbell
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Kenzaburo Oe
The Nobel Peace Prize
Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin
The Prize in Economic Sciences
John C. Harsanyi, John F. Nash Jr., Reinhard Selten

1993

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Russell A. Hulse, Joseph H. Taylor Jr.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Kary B. Mullis, Michael Smith
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Richard J. Roberts, Phillip A. Sharp
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Toni Morrison
The Nobel Peace Prize
Nelson Mandela, Frederik Willem de Klerk
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert W. Fogel, Douglass C. North

1992

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Georges Charpak
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Rudolph A. Marcus
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Derek Walcott
The Nobel Peace Prize
Rigoberta Menchú Tum
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Gary S. Becker

1991

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Richard R. Ernst
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Erwin Neher, Bert Sakmann
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Nadine Gordimer
The Nobel Peace Prize
Aung San Suu Kyi
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Ronald H. Coase

1990

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, Richard E. Taylor
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Elias James Corey
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Joseph E. Murray, E. Donnall Thomas
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Octavio Paz
The Nobel Peace Prize
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Harry M. Markowitz, Merton H. Miller, William F. Sharpe

1989

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Norman F. Ramsey, Hans G. Dehmelt, Wolfgang Paul
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Sidney Altman, Thomas R. Cech
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
J. Michael Bishop, Harold E. Varmus
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Camilo José Cela
The Nobel Peace Prize
The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso)
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Trygve Haavelmo

1988
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber, Hartmut Michel
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion, George H. Hitchings
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Naguib Mahfouz
The Nobel Peace Prize
United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Maurice Allais

1987

The Nobel Prize in Physics
J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alexander Müller
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn, Charles J. Pedersen
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Susumu Tonegawa
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Joseph Brodsky
The Nobel Peace Prize
Oscar Arias Sánchez
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Robert M. Solow

1986

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee, John C. Polanyi
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Stanley Cohen, Rita Levi-Montalcini
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Wole Soyinka
The Nobel Peace Prize
Elie Wiesel
The Prize in Economic Sciences
James M. Buchanan Jr.

1985

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Klaus von Klitzing
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Herbert A. Hauptman, Jerome Karle
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Michael S. Brown, Joseph L. Goldstein
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Claude Simon
The Nobel Peace Prize
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Franco Modigliani

1984

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Carlo Rubbia, Simon van der Meer
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Robert Bruce Merrifield
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. Köhler, César Milstein
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Jaroslav Seifert
The Nobel Peace Prize
Desmond Mpilo Tutu
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Richard Stone

1983

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, William Alfred Fowler
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Henry Taube
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Barbara McClintock
The Nobel Prize in Literature
William Golding
The Nobel Peace Prize
Lech Walesa
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Gerard Debreu

1982

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Kenneth G. Wilson
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Aaron Klug
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sune K. Bergström, Bengt I. Samuelsson, John R. Vane
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Gabriel García Márquez
The Nobel Peace Prize
Alva Myrdal, Alfonso García Robles
The Prize in Economic Sciences
George J. Stigler

1981

The Nobel Prize in Physics
Nicolaas Bloembergen, Arthur Leonard Schawlow, Kai M. Siegbahn
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Kenichi Fukui, Roald Hoffmann
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Roger W. Sperry, David H. Hubel, Torsten N. Wiesel
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Elias Canetti
The Nobel Peace Prize
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
The Prize in Economic Sciences
James Tobin

1980

The Nobel Prize in Physics
James Watson Cronin, Val Logsdon Fitch
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D. Snell
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Czeslaw Milosz
The Nobel Peace Prize
Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Lawrence R. Klein
1979
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Odysseus Elytis
The Nobel Peace Prize
Mother Teresa
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Theodore W. Schultz, Sir Arthur Lewis
1978
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Arno Allan Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Peter D. Mitchell
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, Hamilton O. Smith
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Isaac Bashevis Singer
The Nobel Peace Prize
Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat, Menachem Begin
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Herbert A. Simon
1977
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Philip Warren Anderson, Sir Nevill Francis Mott, John Hasbrouck van Vleck
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Ilya Prigogine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Roger Guillemin, Andrew V. Schally, Rosalyn Yalow
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Vicente Aleixandre
The Nobel Peace Prize
Amnesty International
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Bertil Ohlin, James E. Meade
1976
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Burton Richter, Samuel Chao Chung Ting
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
William N. Lipscomb
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Baruch S. Blumberg, D. Carleton Gajdusek
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Saul Bellow
The Nobel Peace Prize
Betty Williams, Mairead Corrigan
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Milton Friedman
1975
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson, Leo James Rainwater
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
John Warcup Cornforth, Vladimir Prelog
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, Howard Martin Temin
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Eugenio Montale
The Nobel Peace Prize
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich, Tjalling C. Koopmans
1974
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sir Martin Ryle, Antony Hewish
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Paul J. Flory
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Albert Claude, Christian de Duve, George E. Palade
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Eyvind Johnson, Harry Martinson
The Nobel Peace Prize
Seán MacBride, Eisaku Sato
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Gunnar Myrdal, Friedrich August von Hayek
1973
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian David Josephson
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Ernst Otto Fischer, Geoffrey Wilkinson
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Patrick White
The Nobel Peace Prize
Henry A. Kissinger, Le Duc Tho
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Wassily Leontief
1972
The Nobel Prize in Physics
John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper, John Robert Schrieffer
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Christian B. Anfinsen, Stanford Moore, William H. Stein
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Gerald M. Edelman, Rodney R. Porter
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Heinrich Böll
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money for 1972 was allocated to the Main Fund.
The Prize in Economic Sciences
John R. Hicks, Kenneth J. Arrow
1971
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Dennis Gabor
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Gerhard Herzberg
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Pablo Neruda
The Nobel Peace Prize
Willy Brandt
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Simon Kuznets
1970
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén, Louis Eugène Félix Néel
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Luis F. Leloir
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler, Julius Axelrod
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn
The Nobel Peace Prize
Norman E. Borlaug
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Paul A. Samuelson
1969
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Murray Gell-Mann
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Derek H. R. Barton, Odd Hassel
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Max Delbrück, Alfred D. Hershey, Salvador E. Luria
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Samuel Beckett
The Nobel Peace Prize
International Labour Organization (I.L.O.)
The Prize in Economic Sciences
Ragnar Frisch, Jan Tinbergen
1968
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Luis Walter Alvarez
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Lars Onsager
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Yasunari Kawabata
The Nobel Peace Prize
René Cassin
1967
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Hans Albrecht Bethe
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, George Porter
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline, George Wald
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Miguel Angel Asturias
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
1966
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Alfred Kastler
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Robert S. Mulliken
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Peyton Rous, Charles Brenton Huggins
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Nelly Sachs
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
1965
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Richard P. Feynman
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Robert Burns Woodward
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
François Jacob, André Lwoff, Jacques Monod
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov
The Nobel Peace Prize
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
1964
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Konrad Bloch, Feodor Lynen
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Jean-Paul Sartre
The Nobel Peace Prize
Martin Luther King Jr.
1963
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Eugene Paul Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer, J. Hans D. Jensen
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Karl Ziegler, Giulio Natta
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Andrew Fielding Huxley
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Giorgos Seferis
The Nobel Peace Prize
Comité international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) , Ligue des Sociétés de la Croix-Rouge (League of Red Cross Societies)
1962
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Lev Davidovich Landau
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Max Ferdinand Perutz, John Cowdery Kendrew
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson, Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins
The Nobel Prize in Literature
John Steinbeck
The Nobel Peace Prize
Linus Carl Pauling
1961
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Robert Hofstadter, Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Melvin Calvin
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Georg von Békésy
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Ivo Andric
The Nobel Peace Prize
Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld
1960
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Donald Arthur Glaser
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Willard Frank Libby
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Peter Brian Medawar
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Saint-John Perse
The Nobel Peace Prize
Albert John Lutuli
1959
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Emilio Gino Segrè, Owen Chamberlain
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Jaroslav Heyrovsky
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Severo Ochoa, Arthur Kornberg
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Salvatore Quasimodo
The Nobel Peace Prize
Philip J. Noel-Baker
1958
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Il´ja Mikhailovich Frank, Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Frederick Sanger
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
George Wells Beadle, Edward Lawrie Tatum, Joshua Lederberg
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
The Nobel Peace Prize
Georges Pire
1957
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Chen Ning Yang, Tsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Lord (Alexander R.) Todd
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Daniel Bovet
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Albert Camus
The Nobel Peace Prize
Lester Bowles Pearson
1956
The Nobel Prize in Physics
William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter Houser Brattain
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
André Frédéric Cournand, Werner Forssmann, Dickinson W. Richards
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Juan Ramón Jiménez
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
1955
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Willis Eugene Lamb, Polykarp Kusch
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Vincent du Vigneaud
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Halldór Kiljan Laxness
The Nobel Peace Prize
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
1954
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Max Born, Walther Bothe
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Linus Carl Pauling
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
John Franklin Enders, Thomas Huckle Weller, Frederick Chapman Robbins
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Ernest Miller Hemingway
The Nobel Peace Prize
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
1953
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Frits (Frederik) Zernike
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Hermann Staudinger
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Hans Adolf Krebs, Fritz Albert Lipmann
The Nobel Prize in Literature
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
The Nobel Peace Prize
George Catlett Marshall
1952
The Nobel Prize in Physics
Felix Bloch, Edward Mills Purcell
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry
Archer John Porter Martin, Richard Laurence Millington Synge
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Selman Abraham Waksman
The Nobel Prize in Literature
François Mauriac
The Nobel Peace Prize
Albert Schweitzer

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